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When the computer is starting up, immediately press the F8 This should trigger Windows to display the Advance Startup Options menu.If Windows won't boot, it is helpful to check the disk for failures. Using the chkdsk /? command displays a list of common CHKDSK commands. /I does a quick, but not thorough, check.

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/scan /forceofflinefix queues the repair for offline work.

/perf allocates more system resources for faster execution at the cost of active applications.

Other switches might shorten the execution time by using more system resources or limiting the operations.

This command quickly tests if a file can't be accessed or has other performance issues.

CHKDSK (volume/file path) runs against a specific volume, file or directory.

CHKDSK /R locates bad sectors and recovers readable information.

CHKDSK (no switches) runs an analysis utility on the C: drive, which checks the file system, security descriptors, file name linkage and file system structure.

Chkdsk /F /R locates and repairs any encountered errors.

The most common switches include the following: The CHKDSK utility has several switches that perform various tasks indicated by the CHKDSK /? command (Figure 2).

CHKDSK can run without starting Windows, so if Windows doesn't start, run CHKDSK before Windows loads to repair the disk and hopefully resolve the problem.

CHKDSK requires a disk to be offline to run, and if run against the System drive (C:), it will queue the request and run it on the next restart and.

CHKDSK can run against any physical hard disk.

CHKDSK will not harm the computer or the disk - there is no risk to running it.CHKDSK must run from the command-line utility (CMD).While CHKDSK is intuitive and easy to use, it is good to note the following: If needed, the command Chkdsk /? generates a list of switches. At that point, the user can enter CHKDSK and any switches they wish to execute. After it opens, the user must select the Run as Administrator option on the right. CHKDSK can find those bad sectors, write the data to a new sector and mark the old one so the disk won't use it again.Ī user can find the CHKDSK command window via the Windows search bar. If the disk is physically damaged and Windows has difficulty reading it, the system logs the error or warning. A disk is divided into a sort of grid with concentric tracks and sectors, and the read/write head reads data in these sectors.

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The Windows 10 Check Disk command-line utility is reliable for finding and repairing disk problems by scanning the disk looking for bad sectors. Look for a text line on the screen that indicates what to do. Each manufacturer has a different way of opening the utility on boot, but pressing the F10, F2 or Escape key usually works. The BIOS utility varies by manufacturer and should be the first step to resolving disk issues.

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Two free utilities are very successful in fixing disk problems - the Disk Diagnostic or Repair utility built into the BIOS or EFI of most computers and Windows 10 Check Disk (CHKDSK). The Event Viewer logs and displays informational events, warnings and errors. This shows informational events, warnings and critical errors for all system components such as the CPU, controllers, memory, network and disk. Once opened, expand the Windows logs and click on System in the Event Viewer (Figure 1). Open the log by either searching for "event viewer" or entering Eventvwr.msc in the command line. Included in all versions of Windows, the event log records warnings and error events associated with the hard disk. These signs are usually easily detected via errors and warnings in the Windows event log. Other indications of impending disk failure include poor performance while opening or saving files, booting the computer or accessing data. Disks can also fail gradually as sectors on the disk become unreadable to the read/write mechanism. These can be catastrophic, such as dropping the computer and damaging the drive or something as simple as firmware that can no longer detect the drive. Signs of disk failureĭisk failure can occur for several reasons.

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Instead, an organization can neutralize the risk of a disk failure by ensuring the user or IT staff keeps an eye out for key indicators and knows how to use built-in utilities such as Windows 10 Check Disk. Backups can mitigate the fallout but restoring data can be time-consuming and expensive for organizations.