Primary cardiac diagnoses were Ebstein anomaly (n = 47), other congenital tricuspid regurgitation (n = 19), univentricular heart (n = 11), isolated atrial septal defect (ASD, n = 8), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 8), and other (n = 6). Atrial flutter and/or fibrillation was paroxysmal in 81 and chronic in 18 duration ranged from less than 1 month to 39.5 years (median, 2.9 years). Ages ranged from 9 to 72 years (median, 43 years). To reduce late recurrence of AFl/F in patients undergoing repair of CHD, we utilized a concomitant right-sided maze procedure.įrom 1993 to 2003, 99 patients with CHD and associated AFl/F underwent a concomitant right-sided maze procedure at the time of CHD repair. Although rhythm outcome of RSM and BAM did not differ in patients with preoperative paroxysmal AFl/F, those with persistent or permanent AFl/F may benefit from a biatrial lesion set.Ĭongenital heart disease (CHD) that causes right atrial dilatation is commonly associated with atrial flutter and/or fibrillation (AFl/F). Overall, surgical ablation of preoperative AFl/F is effective in patients undergoing surgery for EA.
#Anomaly 2 co op free#
Overall, there were no late strokes, and 84% were free from sodium warfarin anticoagulation. Although there was no difference in rhythm outcome between RSM and BAM for patients with paroxysmal AFl/F ( p = 0.08), there was a trend toward higher freedom from AF without antiarrhythmic medications in patients with persistent AFl/F for BAM (86%) versus RSM (71% p = 0.053). During median follow-up of 52 months (range, 3 months to 17 years), overall freedom from AFl/F without antiarrhythmic medications was 79% (RSM, 80% versus BAM, 76% p = 0.97). Early mortality occurred in 3 patients (3.5%). All patients who had diagnosis of or treatment for accessory pathways and reentrant tachycardia were excluded from this analysis.Īll patients underwent tricuspid valve surgery for EA and concomitant maze procedure, including right-sided maze (RSM) in 62 patients (72%) and biatrial maze (BAM) in 24 patients (28%). Preoperative AFl/F was paroxysmal in 43 patients (50%). Median age at operation was 40 years (range, 1 to 72 years), and 49 patients (60%) were male.
Surgical ablation of AFl/F during surgery for EA has been shown to be effective, but the optimal lesion set remains unknown.īetween 19, 86 patients had corrective surgery for EA and concomitant maze procedure for associated AFl/F.
Ebstein anomaly (EA) is commonly associated with atrial flutter or fibrillation (AFl/F), which adversely affects outcome.
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